path: root/indra/newview/llsechandler_basic.cpp

/**
 * @file llsechandler_basic.cpp
 * @brief Security API for services such as certificate handling
 * secure local storage, etc.
 *
 * $LicenseInfo:firstyear=2003&license=viewerlgpl$
 * Second Life Viewer Source Code
 * Copyright (C) 2010, Linden Research, Inc.
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
 * version 2.1 of the License only.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 *
 * Linden Research, Inc., 945 Battery Street, San Francisco, CA  94111  USA
 * $/LicenseInfo$
 */


#include "llviewerprecompiledheaders.h"
#include "llsecapi.h"
#include "llsechandler_basic.h"
#include "llsdserialize.h"
#include "llviewernetwork.h"
#include "llxorcipher.h"
#include "llfile.h"
#include "lldir.h"
#include "llviewercontrol.h"
#include "llexception.h"
#include "stringize.h"
#include <vector>
#include <ios>
#include <openssl/ossl_typ.h>
#include <openssl/x509.h>
#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
#include <openssl/pem.h>
#include <openssl/asn1.h>
#include <openssl/rand.h>
#include <openssl/err.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <time.h>
#include "llmachineid.h"


static const std::string DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_STORAGE = "credential";

// 128 bits of salt data...
#define STORE_SALT_SIZE 16
#define BUFFER_READ_SIZE 256
std::string cert_string_from_asn1_string(ASN1_STRING* value);
std::string cert_string_from_octet_string(ASN1_OCTET_STRING* value);

LLSD _basic_constraints_ext(X509* cert);
LLSD _key_usage_ext(X509* cert);
LLSD _ext_key_usage_ext(X509* cert);
std::string _subject_key_identifier(X509 *cert);
LLSD _authority_key_identifier(X509* cert);
void _validateCert(int validation_policy,
                   LLPointer<LLCertificate> cert,
                   const LLSD& validation_params,
                   int depth);

LLBasicCertificate::LLBasicCertificate(const std::string& pem_cert,
                                       const LLSD* validation_params)
{
    // BIO_new_mem_buf returns a read only bio, but takes a void* which isn't const
    // so we need to cast it.
    BIO * pem_bio = BIO_new_mem_buf((void*)pem_cert.c_str(), static_cast<int>(pem_cert.length()));
    if(pem_bio == NULL)
    {
        LL_WARNS("SECAPI") << "Could not allocate an openssl memory BIO." << LL_ENDL;
        LLTHROW(LLAllocationCertException(LLSD::emptyMap()));
    }
    mCert = NULL;
    PEM_read_bio_X509(pem_bio, &mCert, 0, NULL);
    BIO_free(pem_bio);
    if (!mCert)
    {
        LL_WARNS("SECAPI") << "Could not decode certificate to x509." << LL_ENDL;
        LLTHROW(LLInvalidCertificate(LLSD::emptyMap()));
    }
}


LLBasicCertificate::LLBasicCertificate(X509* pCert,
                                       const LLSD* validation_params)
{
    if (!pCert)
    {
        LLTHROW(LLInvalidCertificate(LLSD::emptyMap()));
    }
    mCert = X509_dup(pCert);
    // it is tempting to run _validateCert here, but doing so causes problems
    // the trick is figuring out which aspects to validate. TBD
}

LLBasicCertificate::~LLBasicCertificate()
{
    if(mCert)
    {
        X509_free(mCert);
        mCert = NULL;
    }
}

//
// retrieve the pem using the openssl functionality
std::string LLBasicCertificate::getPem() const
{
    char * pem_bio_chars = NULL;
    // a BIO is the equivalent of a 'std::stream', and
    // can be a file, mem stream, whatever.  Grab a memory based
    // BIO for the result
    BIO *pem_bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    if (!pem_bio)
    {
        LL_WARNS("SECAPI") << "Could not allocate an openssl memory BIO." << LL_ENDL;
        return std::string();
    }
    PEM_write_bio_X509(pem_bio, mCert);
    int length = BIO_get_mem_data(pem_bio, &pem_bio_chars);
    std::string result = std::string(pem_bio_chars, length);
    BIO_free(pem_bio);
    return result;
}

// get the DER encoding for the cert
// DER is a binary encoding format for certs...
std::vector<U8> LLBasicCertificate::getBinary() const
{
    U8 * der_bio_data = NULL;
    // get a memory bio
    BIO *der_bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    if (!der_bio)
    {
        LL_WARNS("SECAPI") << "Could not allocate an openssl memory BIO." << LL_ENDL;
        return std::vector<U8>();
    }
    i2d_X509_bio(der_bio, mCert);
    int length = BIO_get_mem_data(der_bio, &der_bio_data);
    std::vector<U8> result(length);
    // vectors are guranteed to be a contiguous chunk of memory.
    memcpy(&result[0], der_bio_data,  length);
    BIO_free(der_bio);
    return result;
}


void LLBasicCertificate::getLLSD(LLSD &llsd)
{
    if (mLLSDInfo.isUndefined())
    {
        _initLLSD();
    }
    llsd = mLLSDInfo;
}

// Initialize the LLSD info for the certificate
LLSD& LLBasicCertificate::_initLLSD()
{

    // call the various helpers to build the LLSD
    mLLSDInfo[CERT_SUBJECT_NAME] = cert_name_from_X509_NAME(X509_get_subject_name(mCert));
    mLLSDInfo[CERT_ISSUER_NAME] = cert_name_from_X509_NAME(X509_get_issuer_name(mCert));
    mLLSDInfo[CERT_SUBJECT_NAME_STRING] = cert_string_name_from_X509_NAME(X509_get_subject_name(mCert));
    mLLSDInfo[CERT_ISSUER_NAME_STRING] = cert_string_name_from_X509_NAME(X509_get_issuer_name(mCert));
    ASN1_INTEGER *sn = X509_get_serialNumber(mCert);
    if (sn != NULL)
    {
        mLLSDInfo[CERT_SERIAL_NUMBER] = cert_string_from_asn1_integer(sn);
    }

    mLLSDInfo[CERT_VALID_TO] = cert_date_from_asn1_time(X509_get_notAfter(mCert));
    mLLSDInfo[CERT_VALID_FROM] = cert_date_from_asn1_time(X509_get_notBefore(mCert));
    // add the known extensions
    mLLSDInfo[CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS] = _basic_constraints_ext(mCert);
    mLLSDInfo[CERT_KEY_USAGE] = _key_usage_ext(mCert);
    mLLSDInfo[CERT_EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE] = _ext_key_usage_ext(mCert);
    mLLSDInfo[CERT_SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTFIER] = _subject_key_identifier(mCert);
    mLLSDInfo[CERT_AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER] = _authority_key_identifier(mCert);
    return mLLSDInfo;
}

// Retrieve the basic constraints info
LLSD _basic_constraints_ext(X509* cert)
{
    LLSD result;
    BASIC_CONSTRAINTS *bs = (BASIC_CONSTRAINTS *)X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_basic_constraints, NULL, NULL);
    if(bs)
    {
        result = LLSD::emptyMap();
        // Determines whether the cert can be used as a CA
        result[CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_CA] = (bool)bs->ca;

        if(bs->pathlen)
        {
            // the pathlen determines how deep a certificate chain can be from
            // this CA
            if((bs->pathlen->type == V_ASN1_NEG_INTEGER)
               || !bs->ca)
            {
                result[CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_PATHLEN] = 0;
            }
            else
            {
                result[CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_PATHLEN] = (int)ASN1_INTEGER_get(bs->pathlen);
            }
        }

        BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_free( bs );
    }
    return result;
}

// retrieve the key usage, which specifies how the cert can be used.
//
LLSD _key_usage_ext(X509* cert)
{
    LLSD result;
    ASN1_STRING *usage_str = (ASN1_STRING *)X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_key_usage, NULL, NULL);
    if(usage_str)
    {
        result = LLSD::emptyArray();
        long usage = 0;
        if(usage_str->length > 0)
        {
            usage = usage_str->data[0];
            if(usage_str->length > 1)
            {
                usage |= usage_str->data[1] << 8;
            }
        }
        ASN1_STRING_free(usage_str);
        if(usage)
        {
            if(usage & KU_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE) result.append(LLSD((std::string)CERT_KU_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE));
            if(usage & KU_NON_REPUDIATION) result.append(LLSD((std::string)CERT_KU_NON_REPUDIATION));
            if(usage & KU_KEY_ENCIPHERMENT) result.append(LLSD((std::string)CERT_KU_KEY_ENCIPHERMENT));
            if(usage & KU_DATA_ENCIPHERMENT) result.append(LLSD((std::string)CERT_KU_DATA_ENCIPHERMENT));
            if(usage & KU_KEY_AGREEMENT) result.append(LLSD((std::string)CERT_KU_KEY_AGREEMENT));
            if(usage & KU_KEY_CERT_SIGN) result.append(LLSD((std::string)CERT_KU_CERT_SIGN));
            if(usage & KU_CRL_SIGN) result.append(LLSD((std::string)CERT_KU_CRL_SIGN));
            if(usage & KU_ENCIPHER_ONLY) result.append(LLSD((std::string)CERT_KU_ENCIPHER_ONLY));
            if(usage & KU_DECIPHER_ONLY) result.append(LLSD((std::string)CERT_KU_DECIPHER_ONLY));
        }
    }
    return result;
}

// retrieve the extended key usage for the cert
LLSD _ext_key_usage_ext(X509* cert)
{
    LLSD result;
    EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE *eku = (EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE *)X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_ext_key_usage, NULL, NULL);
    if(eku)
    {
        result = LLSD::emptyArray();
        while(sk_ASN1_OBJECT_num(eku))
        {
            ASN1_OBJECT *usage = sk_ASN1_OBJECT_pop(eku);
            if(usage)
            {
                int nid = OBJ_obj2nid(usage);
                if (nid)
                {
                    std::string sn = OBJ_nid2sn(nid);
                    result.append(sn);
                }
                ASN1_OBJECT_free(usage);
            }
        }

        EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE_free( eku );
    }
    return result;
}

// retrieve the subject key identifier of the cert
std::string _subject_key_identifier(X509 *cert)
{
    std::string result;
    ASN1_OCTET_STRING *skeyid = (ASN1_OCTET_STRING *)X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_subject_key_identifier, NULL, NULL);
    if(skeyid)
    {
        result = cert_string_from_octet_string(skeyid);
        ASN1_OCTET_STRING_free( skeyid );
    }
    return result;
}

// retrieve the authority key identifier of the cert
LLSD _authority_key_identifier(X509* cert)
{
    LLSD result;
    AUTHORITY_KEYID *akeyid = (AUTHORITY_KEYID *)X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_authority_key_identifier, NULL, NULL);
    if(akeyid)
    {
        result = LLSD::emptyMap();
        if(akeyid->keyid)
        {
            result[CERT_AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER_ID] = cert_string_from_octet_string(akeyid->keyid);
        }
        if(akeyid->serial)
        {
            result[CERT_AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER_SERIAL] = cert_string_from_asn1_integer(akeyid->serial);
        }

        AUTHORITY_KEYID_free( akeyid );
    }
    // we ignore the issuer name in the authority key identifier, we check the issue name via
    // the the issuer name entry in the cert.
    return result;
}

// retrieve an openssl x509 object,
// which must be freed by X509_free
X509* LLBasicCertificate::getOpenSSLX509() const
{
    return X509_dup(mCert);
}

// generate a single string containing the subject or issuer
// name of the cert.
std::string cert_string_name_from_X509_NAME(X509_NAME* name)
{
    char * name_bio_chars = NULL;
    // get a memory bio
    BIO *name_bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    // stream the name into the bio.  The name will be in the 'short name' format
    X509_NAME_print_ex(name_bio, name, 0, XN_FLAG_RFC2253);
    int length = BIO_get_mem_data(name_bio, &name_bio_chars);
    std::string result = std::string(name_bio_chars, length);
    BIO_free(name_bio);
    return result;
}

// generate an LLSD from a certificate name (issuer or subject name).
// the name will be strings indexed by the 'long form'
LLSD cert_name_from_X509_NAME(X509_NAME* name)
{
    LLSD result = LLSD::emptyMap();
    int name_entries = X509_NAME_entry_count(name);
    for (int entry_index=0; entry_index < name_entries; entry_index++)
    {
        char buffer[32];
        X509_NAME_ENTRY *entry = X509_NAME_get_entry(name, entry_index);

        std::string name_value = std::string((const char*)ASN1_STRING_get0_data(X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data(entry)),
                                             ASN1_STRING_length(X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data(entry)));

        ASN1_OBJECT* name_obj = X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object(entry);
        OBJ_obj2txt(buffer, sizeof(buffer), name_obj, 0);
        std::string obj_buffer_str = std::string(buffer);
        result[obj_buffer_str] = name_value;
    }

    return result;
}

// Generate a string from an ASN1 integer.  ASN1 Integers are
// bignums, so they can be 'infinitely' long, therefore we
// cannot simply use a conversion to U64 or something.
// We retrieve as a readable string for UI

std::string cert_string_from_asn1_integer(ASN1_INTEGER* value)
{
    std::string result;
    BIGNUM *bn = ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN(value, NULL);
    if(bn)
    {
        char * ascii_bn = BN_bn2hex(bn);

        if(ascii_bn)
        {
            result = ascii_bn;
            OPENSSL_free(ascii_bn);
        }
        BN_free(bn);
    }
    return result;
}

// Generate a string from an OCTET string.
// we retrieve as a

std::string cert_string_from_octet_string(ASN1_OCTET_STRING* value)
{

    std::stringstream result;
    result << std::hex << std::setprecision(2);
    for (int i=0; i < value->length; i++)
    {
        if (i != 0)
        {
            result << ":";
        }
        result  << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << (int)value->data[i];
    }
    return result.str();
}

// Generate a string from an ASN1 integer.  ASN1 Integers are
// bignums, so they can be 'infinitely' long, therefore we
// cannot simply use a conversion to U64 or something.
// We retrieve as a readable string for UI

std::string cert_string_from_asn1_string(ASN1_STRING* value)
{
    char * string_bio_chars = NULL;
    std::string result;
    // get a memory bio
    BIO *string_bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    if(!string_bio)
    {
        // stream the name into the bio.  The name will be in the 'short name' format
        ASN1_STRING_print_ex(string_bio, value, ASN1_STRFLGS_RFC2253);
        int length = BIO_get_mem_data(string_bio, &string_bio_chars);
        result = std::string(string_bio_chars, length);
        BIO_free(string_bio);
    }
    else
    {
        LL_WARNS("SECAPI") << "Could not allocate an openssl memory BIO." << LL_ENDL;
    }

    return result;
}

// retrieve a date structure from an ASN1 time, for
// validity checking.
LLDate cert_date_from_asn1_time(ASN1_TIME* asn1_time)
{

    struct tm timestruct = {0};
    int i = asn1_time->length;

    if (i < 10)
    {
        return LLDate();
    }
    // convert the date from the ASN1 time (which is a string in ZULU time), to
    // a timeval.
    timestruct.tm_year = (asn1_time->data[0]-'0') * 10 + (asn1_time->data[1]-'0');

    /* Deal with Year 2000 */
    if (timestruct.tm_year < 70)
        timestruct.tm_year += 100;

    timestruct.tm_mon = (asn1_time->data[2]-'0') * 10 + (asn1_time->data[3]-'0') - 1;
    timestruct.tm_mday = (asn1_time->data[4]-'0') * 10 + (asn1_time->data[5]-'0');
    timestruct.tm_hour = (asn1_time->data[6]-'0') * 10 + (asn1_time->data[7]-'0');
    timestruct.tm_min = (asn1_time->data[8]-'0') * 10 + (asn1_time->data[9]-'0');
    timestruct.tm_sec = (asn1_time->data[10]-'0') * 10 + (asn1_time->data[11]-'0');

#if LL_WINDOWS
    return LLDate((F64)_mkgmtime(&timestruct));
#else // LL_WINDOWS
    return LLDate((F64)timegm(&timestruct));
#endif // LL_WINDOWS
}

// class LLBasicCertificateVector
// This class represents a list of certificates, implemented by a vector of certificate pointers.
// it contains implementations of the virtual functions for iterators, search, add, remove, etc.
//

//  Find a certificate in the list.
// It will find a cert that has minimally the params listed, with the values being the same
LLBasicCertificateVector::iterator LLBasicCertificateVector::find(const LLSD& params)
{
    // loop through the entire vector comparing the values in the certs
    // against those passed in via the params.
    // params should be a map.  Only the items specified in the map will be
    // checked, but they must match exactly, even if they're maps or arrays.
    bool found = false;
    iterator cert = begin();
    while ( !found && cert != end() )
    {
        found = true;
        LLSD cert_info;
        (*cert)->getLLSD(cert_info);
        for (LLSD::map_const_iterator param = params.beginMap();
             found && param != params.endMap();
             param++)
        {
            if (   !cert_info.has((std::string)param->first)
                || !valueCompareLLSD(cert_info[(std::string)param->first], param->second))
            {
                found = false;
            }
        }
        if (!found)
        {
            cert++;
        }
    }
    return cert;
}

// Insert a certificate into the store.  If the certificate already
// exists in the store, nothing is done.
void  LLBasicCertificateVector::insert(iterator _iter,
                       LLPointer<LLCertificate> cert)
{
    LLSD cert_info;
    cert->getLLSD(cert_info);
    if (cert_info.isMap() && cert_info.has(CERT_SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTFIER))
    {
        LLSD existing_cert_info = LLSD::emptyMap();
        existing_cert_info[CERT_SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTFIER] = cert_info[CERT_SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTFIER];
        if(find(existing_cert_info) == end())
        {
            BasicIteratorImpl *basic_iter = dynamic_cast<BasicIteratorImpl*>(_iter.mImpl.get());
            if (basic_iter)
            {
                mCerts.insert(basic_iter->mIter, cert);
            }
            else
            {
                LL_WARNS("SECAPI") << "Invalid certificate postion vector"
                                   << LL_ENDL;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            LL_DEBUGS("SECAPI") << "Certificate already in vector: "
                                << "'" << cert_info << "'"
                                << LL_ENDL;
        }

    }
    else
    {
        LL_WARNS("SECAPI") << "Certificate does not have Subject Key Identifier; not inserted: "
                           << "'" << cert_info << "'"
                           << LL_ENDL;
    }
}

// remove a certificate from the store
LLPointer<LLCertificate> LLBasicCertificateVector::erase(iterator _iter)
{

    if (_iter != end())
    {
        BasicIteratorImpl *basic_iter = dynamic_cast<BasicIteratorImpl*>(_iter.mImpl.get());
        LLPointer<LLCertificate> result = (*_iter);
        mCerts.erase(basic_iter->mIter);
        return result;
    }
    return NULL;
}


//
// LLBasicCertificateStore
// This class represents a store of CA certificates.  The basic implementation
// uses a crt file such as the ca-bundle.crt in the existing SL implementation.
LLBasicCertificateStore::LLBasicCertificateStore(const std::string& filename)
{
    mFilename = filename;
    load_from_file(filename);
}

void LLBasicCertificateStore::load_from_file(const std::string& filename)
{
    int loaded = 0;
    int rejected = 0;

    // scan the PEM file extracting each certificate
    if (LLFile::isfile(filename))
    {
        BIO* file_bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_file());
        if(file_bio)
        {
            if (BIO_read_filename(file_bio, filename.c_str()) > 0)
            {
                X509 *cert_x509 = NULL;
                while((PEM_read_bio_X509(file_bio, &cert_x509, 0, NULL)) &&
                      (cert_x509 != NULL))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        LLPointer<LLBasicCertificate> new_cert(new LLBasicCertificate(cert_x509));
                        LLSD validation_params;
                        _validateCert(VALIDATION_POLICY_TIME,
                                      new_cert,
                                      validation_params,
                                      0);
                        add(new_cert);
                        LL_DEBUGS("SECAPI") << "Loaded valid cert for "
                                            << "Name '" << cert_string_name_from_X509_NAME(X509_get_subject_name(cert_x509)) << "'";
                        std::string skeyid(_subject_key_identifier(cert_x509));
                        LL_CONT << " Id '" << skeyid << "'"
                                << LL_ENDL;
                        loaded++;
                    }
                    catch (LLCertException& cert_exception)
                    {
                        LLSD cert_info(cert_exception.getCertData());
                        LL_DEBUGS("SECAPI_BADCERT","SECAPI") << "invalid certificate (" << cert_exception.what() << "): " << cert_info << LL_ENDL;
                        rejected++;
                    }
                    catch (...)
                    {
                        LOG_UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION("creating certificate from the certificate store file");
                        rejected++;
                    }
                    X509_free(cert_x509);
                    cert_x509 = NULL;
                }
                BIO_free(file_bio);
            }
            else
            {
                LL_WARNS("SECAPI") << "BIO read failed for " << filename << LL_ENDL;
            }

            LL_INFOS("SECAPI") << "loaded " << loaded << " good certificates (rejected " << rejected << ") from " << filename << LL_ENDL;
        }
        else
        {
            LL_WARNS("SECAPI") << "Could not allocate a file BIO" << LL_ENDL;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // since the user certificate store may not be there, this is not a warning
        LL_INFOS("SECAPI") << "Certificate store not found at " << filename << LL_ENDL;
    }
}


LLBasicCertificateStore::~LLBasicCertificateStore()
{
}


// persist the store
void LLBasicCertificateStore::save()
{
    llofstream file_store(mFilename.c_str(), std::ios_base::binary);
    if(!file_store.fail())
    {
        for(iterator cert = begin();
            cert != end();
            cert++)
        {
            std::string pem = (*cert)->getPem();
            if(!pem.empty())
            {
                file_store << (*cert)->getPem() << std::endl;
            }
        }
        file_store.close();
    }
    else
    {
        LL_WARNS("SECAPI") << "Could not open certificate store " << mFilename << "for save" << LL_ENDL;
    }
}

// return the store id
std::string LLBasicCertificateStore::storeId() const
{
    // this is the basic handler which uses the ca-bundle.crt store,
    // so we ignore this.
    return std::string("");
}


//
// LLBasicCertificateChain
// This class represents a chain of certs, each cert being signed by the next cert
// in the chain.  Certs must be properly signed by the parent
LLBasicCertificateChain::LLBasicCertificateChain(X509_STORE_CTX* store)
{

    // we're passed in a context, which contains a cert, and a blob of untrusted
    // certificates which compose the chain.
    if((store == NULL) || X509_STORE_CTX_get0_cert(store) == NULL)
    {
        LL_WARNS("SECAPI") << "An invalid store context was passed in when trying to create a certificate chain" << LL_ENDL;
        return;
    }
    // grab the child cert
    LLPointer<LLCertificate> current = new LLBasicCertificate(X509_STORE_CTX_get0_cert(store));

    add(current);
    if(X509_STORE_CTX_get0_untrusted(store) != NULL)
    {
        // if there are other certs in the chain, we build up a vector
        // of untrusted certs so we can search for the parents of each
        // consecutive cert.
        LLBasicCertificateVector untrusted_certs;
        for(int i = 0; i < sk_X509_num(X509_STORE_CTX_get0_untrusted(store)); i++)
        {
            LLPointer<LLCertificate> cert = new LLBasicCertificate(sk_X509_value(X509_STORE_CTX_get0_untrusted(store), i));
            untrusted_certs.add(cert);

        }
        while(untrusted_certs.size() > 0)
        {
            LLSD find_data = LLSD::emptyMap();
            LLSD cert_data;
            current->getLLSD(cert_data);
            // we simply build the chain via subject/issuer name as the
            // client should not have passed in multiple CA's with the same
            // subject name.  If they did, it'll come out in the wash during
            // validation.
            find_data[CERT_SUBJECT_NAME_STRING] = cert_data[CERT_ISSUER_NAME_STRING];
            LLBasicCertificateVector::iterator issuer = untrusted_certs.find(find_data);
            if (issuer != untrusted_certs.end())
            {
                current = untrusted_certs.erase(issuer);
                add(current);
            }
            else
            {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}


// subdomain wildcard specifiers can be divided into 3 parts
// the part before the first *, the part after the first * but before
// the second *, and the part after the second *.
// It then iterates over the second for each place in the string
// that it matches.  ie if the subdomain was testfoofoobar, and
// the wildcard was test*foo*bar, it would match test, then
// recursively match foofoobar and foobar

bool _cert_subdomain_wildcard_match(const std::string& subdomain,
                                    const std::string& wildcard)
{
    // split wildcard into the portion before the *, and the portion after

    auto wildcard_pos = wildcard.find_first_of('*');
    // check the case where there is no wildcard.
    if(wildcard_pos == wildcard.npos)
    {
        return (subdomain == wildcard);
    }

    // we need to match the first part of the subdomain string up to the wildcard
    // position
    if(subdomain.substr(0, wildcard_pos) != wildcard.substr(0, wildcard_pos))
    {
        // the first portions of the strings didn't match
        return false;
    }

    // as the portion of the wildcard string before the * matched, we need to check the
    // portion afterwards.  Grab that portion.
    std::string new_wildcard_string = wildcard.substr( wildcard_pos+1, wildcard.npos);
    if(new_wildcard_string.empty())
    {
        // we had nothing after the *, so it's an automatic match
        return true;
    }

    // grab the portion of the remaining wildcard string before the next '*'.  We need to find this
    // within the remaining subdomain string. and then recursively check.
    std::string new_wildcard_match_string = new_wildcard_string.substr(0, new_wildcard_string.find_first_of('*'));

    // grab the portion of the subdomain after the part that matched the initial wildcard portion
    std::string new_subdomain = subdomain.substr(wildcard_pos, subdomain.npos);

    // iterate through the current subdomain, finding instances of the match string.
    auto sub_pos = new_subdomain.find_first_of(new_wildcard_match_string);
    while(sub_pos != std::string::npos)
    {
        new_subdomain = new_subdomain.substr(sub_pos, std::string::npos);
        if(_cert_subdomain_wildcard_match(new_subdomain, new_wildcard_string))
        {
            return true;
        }
        sub_pos = new_subdomain.find_first_of(new_wildcard_match_string, 1);


    }
    // didn't find any instances of the match string that worked in the subdomain, so fail.
    return false;
}


// RFC2459 does not address wildcards as part of it's name matching
// specification, and there is no RFC specifying wildcard matching,
// RFC2818 does a few statements about wildcard matching, but is very
// general.  Generally, wildcard matching is per implementation, although
// it's pretty similar.
// in our case, we use the '*' wildcard character only, within each
// subdomain.  The hostname and the CN specification should have the
// same number of subdomains.
// We then iterate that algorithm over each subdomain.
bool _cert_hostname_wildcard_match(const std::string& hostname, const std::string& common_name)
{
    std::string new_hostname = hostname;
    std::string new_cn = common_name;

    // find the last '.' in the hostname and the match name.
    auto subdomain_pos = new_hostname.find_last_of('.');
    auto subcn_pos = new_cn.find_last_of('.');

    // if the last char is a '.', strip it
    if(subdomain_pos == (new_hostname.length()-1))
    {
        new_hostname = new_hostname.substr(0, subdomain_pos);
        subdomain_pos = new_hostname.find_last_of('.');
    }
    if(subcn_pos == (new_cn.length()-1))
    {
        new_cn = new_cn.substr(0, subcn_pos);
        subcn_pos = new_cn.find_last_of('.');
    }

    // Check to see if there are any further '.' in the string.
    while((subcn_pos != std::string::npos) && (subdomain_pos != std::string::npos))
    {
        // snip out last subdomain in both the match string and the hostname
        // The last bit for 'my.current.host.com' would be 'com'
        std::string cn_part = new_cn.substr(subcn_pos+1, std::string::npos);
        std::string hostname_part = new_hostname.substr(subdomain_pos+1, std::string::npos);

        if(!_cert_subdomain_wildcard_match(new_hostname.substr(subdomain_pos+1, std::string::npos),
                                           cn_part))
        {
            return false;
        }
        new_hostname = new_hostname.substr(0, subdomain_pos);
        new_cn = new_cn.substr(0, subcn_pos);
        subdomain_pos = new_hostname.find_last_of('.');
        subcn_pos = new_cn.find_last_of('.');
    }
    // check to see if the most significant portion of the common name is '*'.  If so, we can
    // simply return success as child domains are also matched.
    if(new_cn == "*")
    {
        // if it's just a '*' we support all child domains as well, so '*.
        return true;
    }

    return _cert_subdomain_wildcard_match(new_hostname, new_cn);

}

// validate that the LLSD array in llsd_set contains the llsd_value
bool _LLSDArrayIncludesValue(const LLSD& llsd_set, LLSD llsd_value)
{
    for(LLSD::array_const_iterator set_value = llsd_set.beginArray();
        set_value != llsd_set.endArray();
        set_value++)
    {
        if(valueCompareLLSD((*set_value), llsd_value))
        {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

void _validateCert(int validation_policy,
                  LLPointer<LLCertificate> cert,
                  const LLSD& validation_params,
                  int depth)
{
    LLSD current_cert_info;
    cert->getLLSD(current_cert_info);
    // check basic properties exist in the cert
    if(!current_cert_info.has(CERT_SUBJECT_NAME) || !current_cert_info.has(CERT_SUBJECT_NAME_STRING))
    {
        LLTHROW(LLCertException(current_cert_info, "Cert doesn't have a Subject Name"));
    }

    if(!current_cert_info.has(CERT_ISSUER_NAME_STRING))
    {
        LLTHROW(LLCertException(current_cert_info, "Cert doesn't have an Issuer Name"));
    }

    // check basic properties exist in the cert
    if(!current_cert_info.has(CERT_VALID_FROM) || !current_cert_info.has(CERT_VALID_TO))
    {
        LLTHROW(LLCertException(current_cert_info, "Cert doesn't have an expiration period"));
    }
    if (!current_cert_info.has(CERT_SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTFIER))
    {
        LLTHROW(LLCertException(current_cert_info, "Cert doesn't have a Subject Key Id"));
    }

    if (validation_policy & VALIDATION_POLICY_TIME)
    {
        LLDate validation_date((double)time(NULL));
        if(validation_params.has(CERT_VALIDATION_DATE))
        {
            validation_date = validation_params[CERT_VALIDATION_DATE];
        }

        if((validation_date < current_cert_info[CERT_VALID_FROM].asDate()) ||
           (validation_date > current_cert_info[CERT_VALID_TO].asDate()))
        {
            LLTHROW(LLCertValidationExpirationException(current_cert_info, validation_date));
        }
    }
    if (validation_policy & VALIDATION_POLICY_SSL_KU)
    {
        // This stanza of code was changed 2021-06-09 as per details in SL-15370.
        // Brief summary: a renewed certificate from Akamai only contains the
        // 'Digital Signature' field and not the 'Key Encipherment' one. This code
        // used to look for both and throw an exception at startup (ignored) and
        // (for example) when buying L$ in the Viewer (fails with a UI message
        // and an entry in the Viewer log). This modified code removes the second
        // check for the 'Key Encipherment' field. If Akamai can provide a
        // replacement certificate that has both fields, then this modified code
        // will not be required.
        if (current_cert_info.has(CERT_KEY_USAGE) && current_cert_info[CERT_KEY_USAGE].isArray() &&
            !(_LLSDArrayIncludesValue(current_cert_info[CERT_KEY_USAGE],
                                       LLSD((std::string)CERT_KU_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE)))
            )
        {
            LLTHROW(LLCertKeyUsageValidationException(current_cert_info));
        }
        // only validate EKU if the cert has it
        if(current_cert_info.has(CERT_EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE)
           && current_cert_info[CERT_EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE].isArray()
           && (!_LLSDArrayIncludesValue(current_cert_info[CERT_EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE],
                                         LLSD((std::string)CERT_EKU_TLS_SERVER_AUTH)))
           && (!_LLSDArrayIncludesValue(current_cert_info[CERT_EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE],
                                         LLSD((std::string)CERT_EKU_SERVER_AUTH)))
           )
        {
            LLTHROW(LLCertKeyUsageValidationException(current_cert_info));
        }
    }
    if (validation_policy & VALIDATION_POLICY_CA_KU)
    {
        if (current_cert_info.has(CERT_KEY_USAGE) && current_cert_info[CERT_KEY_USAGE].isArray() &&
            (!_LLSDArrayIncludesValue(current_cert_info[CERT_KEY_USAGE],
                                       (std::string)CERT_KU_CERT_SIGN)))
            {
                LLTHROW(LLCertKeyUsageValidationException(current_cert_info));
            }
    }

    // validate basic constraints
    if ((validation_policy & VALIDATION_POLICY_CA_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS) &&
        current_cert_info.has(CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS) &&
        current_cert_info[CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS].isMap())
    {
        if(!current_cert_info[CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS].has(CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_CA) ||
           !current_cert_info[CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS][CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_CA])
        {
                LLTHROW(LLCertBasicConstraintsValidationException(current_cert_info));
        }
        if (current_cert_info[CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS].has(CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_PATHLEN) &&
            ((current_cert_info[CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS][CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_PATHLEN].asInteger() != 0) &&
             (depth > current_cert_info[CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS][CERT_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS_PATHLEN].asInteger())))
        {
            LLTHROW(LLCertBasicConstraintsValidationException(current_cert_info));
        }
    }
}

bool _verify_signature(LLPointer<LLCertificate> parent,
                       LLPointer<LLCertificate> child)
{
    bool verify_result = false;
    LLSD cert1, cert2;
    parent->getLLSD(cert1);
    child->getLLSD(cert2);
    X509 *signing_cert = parent->getOpenSSLX509();
    X509 *child_cert = child->getOpenSSLX509();
    if((signing_cert != NULL) && (child_cert != NULL))
    {
        EVP_PKEY *pkey = X509_get_pubkey(signing_cert);


        if(pkey)
        {
            int verify_code = X509_verify(child_cert, pkey);
            verify_result = ( verify_code > 0);
            EVP_PKEY_free(pkey);
        }
        else
        {
            LL_WARNS("SECAPI") << "Could not validate the cert chain signature, as the public key of the signing cert could not be retrieved" << LL_ENDL;
        }

    }
    else
    {
        LL_WARNS("SECAPI") << "Signature verification failed as there are no certs in the chain" << LL_ENDL;
    }
    if(child_cert)
    {
        X509_free(child_cert);
    }
    if(signing_cert)
    {
        X509_free(signing_cert);
    }
    return verify_result;
}


// validate the certificate chain against a store.
// There are many aspects of cert validatioin policy involved in
// trust validation.  The policies in this validation algorithm include
// * Hostname matching for SSL certs
// * Expiration time matching
// * Signature validation
// * Chain trust (is the cert chain trusted against the store)
// * Basic constraints
// * key usage and extended key usage
// TODO: We should add 'authority key identifier' for chaining.
// This algorithm doesn't simply validate the chain by itself
// and verify the last cert is in the certificate store, or points
// to a cert in the store.  It validates whether any cert in the chain
// is trusted in the store, even if it's not the last one.
void LLBasicCertificateStore::validate(int validation_policy,
                                       LLPointer<LLCertificateChain> cert_chain,
                                       const LLSD& validation_params)
{
    // If --no-verify-ssl-cert was passed on the command line, stop right now.
    if (gSavedSettings.getBOOL("NoVerifySSLCert"))
    {
        LL_WARNS_ONCE("SECAPI") << "All Certificate validation disabled; viewer operation is insecure" << LL_ENDL;
        return;
    }

    if(cert_chain->size() < 1)
    {
        LLTHROW(LLCertException(LLSD::emptyMap(), "No certs in chain"));
    }
    iterator current_cert = cert_chain->begin();
    LLSD validation_date;
    if (validation_params.has(CERT_VALIDATION_DATE))
    {
        validation_date = validation_params[CERT_VALIDATION_DATE];
    }

    // get LLSD info from the cert to throw in any exception
    LLSD    current_cert_info;
    (*current_cert)->getLLSD(current_cert_info);

    if (validation_policy & VALIDATION_POLICY_HOSTNAME)
    {
        if(!validation_params.has(CERT_HOSTNAME))
        {
            LLTHROW(LLCertException(current_cert_info, "No hostname passed in for validation"));
        }
        if(!current_cert_info.has(CERT_SUBJECT_NAME) || !current_cert_info[CERT_SUBJECT_NAME].has(CERT_NAME_CN))
        {
            LLTHROW(LLInvalidCertificate(current_cert_info));
        }

        LL_DEBUGS("SECAPI") << "Validating the hostname " << validation_params[CERT_HOSTNAME].asString() <<
             "against the cert CN " << current_cert_info[CERT_SUBJECT_NAME][CERT_NAME_CN].asString() << LL_ENDL;
        if(!_cert_hostname_wildcard_match(validation_params[CERT_HOSTNAME].asString(),
                                          current_cert_info[CERT_SUBJECT_NAME][CERT_NAME_CN].asString()))
        {
            throw LLCertValidationHostnameException(validation_params[CERT_HOSTNAME].asString(),
                                                    current_cert_info);
        }
    }

    // check the cache of already validated certs
    X509* cert_x509 = (*current_cert)->getOpenSSLX509();
    if(!cert_x509)
    {
        LLTHROW(LLInvalidCertificate(current_cert_info));
    }

    std::string subject_name(cert_string_name_from_X509_NAME(X509_get_subject_name(cert_x509)));
    std::string skeyid(_subject_key_identifier(cert_x509));

    LL_DEBUGS("SECAPI") << "attempting to validate cert "
                        << " for '" << (validation_params.has(CERT_HOSTNAME) ? validation_params[CERT_HOSTNAME].asString() : "(unknown hostname)") << "'"
                        << " as subject name '" << subject_name << "'"
                        << " subject key id '" << skeyid << "'"
                        << LL_ENDL;

    X509_free( cert_x509 );
    cert_x509 = NULL;
    if (skeyid.empty())
    {
        LLTHROW(LLCertException(current_cert_info, "No Subject Key Id"));
    }

    t_cert_cache::iterator cache_entry = mTrustedCertCache.find(skeyid);
    if(cache_entry != mTrustedCertCache.end())
    {
        // this cert is in the cache, so validate the time.
        if (validation_policy & VALIDATION_POLICY_TIME)
        {
            LLDate validation_date;
            if(validation_params.has(CERT_VALIDATION_DATE))
            {
                validation_date = validation_params[CERT_VALIDATION_DATE];
            }
            else
            {
                validation_date = LLDate((double)time(NULL)); // current time
            }

            if((validation_date < cache_entry->second.first) ||
               (validation_date > cache_entry->second.second))
            {
                LLTHROW(LLCertValidationExpirationException(current_cert_info, validation_date));
            }
        }
        // successfully found in cache
        LL_DEBUGS("SECAPI") << "Valid cert for '" << validation_params[CERT_HOSTNAME].asString() << "'"
                            << " skeyid '" << skeyid << "'"
                            << " found in cache"
                            << LL_ENDL;
        return;
    }
    if(current_cert_info.isUndefined())
    {
        (*current_cert)->getLLSD(current_cert_info);
    }
    LLDate from_time = current_cert_info[CERT_VALID_FROM].asDate();
    LLDate to_time = current_cert_info[CERT_VALID_TO].asDate();
    int depth = 0;
    LLPointer<LLCertificate> previous_cert;
    // loop through the cert chain, validating the current cert against the next one.
    while(current_cert != cert_chain->end())
    {
        int local_validation_policy = validation_policy;
        if(current_cert == cert_chain->begin())
        {
            // for the child cert, we don't validate CA stuff
            local_validation_policy &= ~(VALIDATION_POLICY_CA_KU |
                                         VALIDATION_POLICY_CA_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS);
        }
        else
        {
            // for non-child certs, we don't validate SSL Key usage
            local_validation_policy &= ~VALIDATION_POLICY_SSL_KU;
            if(!_verify_signature((*current_cert),
                                  previous_cert))
            {
                LLSD previous_cert_info;
                previous_cert->getLLSD(previous_cert_info);
                LLTHROW(LLCertValidationInvalidSignatureException(previous_cert_info));
            }
        }
        _validateCert(local_validation_policy,
                      (*current_cert),
                      validation_params,
                      depth);

        // look for a CA in the CA store that may belong to this chain.
        LLSD cert_search_params = LLSD::emptyMap();
        // is the cert itself in the store?
        cert_search_params[CERT_SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTFIER] = current_cert_info[CERT_SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTFIER];
        LLCertificateStore::iterator found_store_cert = find(cert_search_params);
        if(found_store_cert != end())
        {
            mTrustedCertCache[skeyid] = std::pair<LLDate, LLDate>(from_time, to_time);
            LL_DEBUGS("SECAPI") << "Valid cert "
                                << " for '" << (validation_params.has(CERT_HOSTNAME) ? validation_params[CERT_HOSTNAME].asString() : "(unknown hostname)") << "'";
            X509* cert_x509 = (*found_store_cert)->getOpenSSLX509();
            std::string found_cert_subject_name(cert_string_name_from_X509_NAME(X509_get_subject_name(cert_x509)));
            X509_free(cert_x509);
            LL_CONT << " as '" << found_cert_subject_name << "'"
                    << " skeyid '" << current_cert_info[CERT_SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTFIER].asString() << "'"
                    << " found in cert store"
                    << LL_ENDL;
            return;
        }

        // is the parent in the cert store?

        cert_search_params = LLSD::emptyMap();
        cert_search_params[CERT_SUBJECT_NAME_STRING] = current_cert_info[CERT_ISSUER_NAME_STRING];
        if (current_cert_info.has(CERT_AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER))
        {
            LLSD cert_aki = current_cert_info[CERT_AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER];
            if(cert_aki.has(CERT_AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER_ID))
            {
                cert_search_params[CERT_SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTFIER] = cert_aki[CERT_AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER_ID];
            }
            if(cert_aki.has(CERT_AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER_SERIAL))
            {
                cert_search_params[CERT_SERIAL_NUMBER] = cert_aki[CERT_AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER_SERIAL];
            }
        }
        found_store_cert = find(cert_search_params);

        if(found_store_cert != end())
        {
            // validate the store cert against the depth
            _validateCert(validation_policy & VALIDATION_POLICY_CA_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS,
                          (*found_store_cert),
                          LLSD(),
                          depth);

            // verify the signature of the CA
            if(!_verify_signature((*found_store_cert),
                                  (*current_cert)))
            {
                LLTHROW(LLCertValidationInvalidSignatureException(current_cert_info));
            }
            // successfully validated.
            mTrustedCertCache[skeyid] = std::pair<LLDate, LLDate>(from_time, to_time);
            LL_DEBUGS("SECAPI") << "Verified and cached cert for '" << validation_params[CERT_HOSTNAME].asString() << "'"
                                << " as '" << subject_name << "'"
                                << " id '" << skeyid << "'"
                                << " using CA '" << cert_search_params[CERT_SUBJECT_NAME_STRING] << "'"
                                << " with id '" <<  cert_search_params[CERT_SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTFIER].asString() << "' found in cert store"
                                << LL_ENDL;
            return;
        }
        previous_cert = (*current_cert);
        current_cert++;
        depth++;
        if(current_cert != cert_chain->end())
        {
            (*current_cert)->getLLSD(current_cert_info);
        }
    }
    if (validation_policy & VALIDATION_POLICY_TRUSTED)
    {
        // we reached the end without finding a trusted cert.
        LLSD last_cert_info;
        ((*cert_chain)[cert_chain->size()-1])->getLLSD(last_cert_info);
        LLTHROW(LLCertValidationTrustException(last_cert_info));
    }
    else
    {
        LL_DEBUGS("SECAPI") << "! Caching untrusted cert for '" << subject_name << "'"
                            << " skeyid '" << skeyid << "' in cert store because ! VALIDATION_POLICY_TRUSTED"
                            << LL_ENDL;
        mTrustedCertCache[skeyid] = std::pair<LLDate, LLDate>(from_time, to_time);
    }
}


// LLSecAPIBasicHandler Class
// Interface handler class for the various security storage handlers.

// We read the file on construction, and write it on destruction.  This
// means multiple processes cannot modify the datastore.
LLSecAPIBasicHandler::LLSecAPIBasicHandler(const std::string& protected_data_file,
                                           const std::string& legacy_password_path)
{
    mProtectedDataFilename = protected_data_file;
    mProtectedDataMap = LLSD::emptyMap();
    mLegacyPasswordPath = legacy_password_path;

}

LLSecAPIBasicHandler::LLSecAPIBasicHandler()
{
}


void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::init()
{
    mProtectedDataMap = LLSD::emptyMap();
    if (mProtectedDataFilename.length() == 0)
    {
        mProtectedDataFilename = gDirUtilp->getExpandedFilename(LL_PATH_USER_SETTINGS,
                                                            "bin_conf.dat");
        mLegacyPasswordPath = gDirUtilp->getExpandedFilename(LL_PATH_USER_SETTINGS, "password.dat");

        mProtectedDataFilename = gDirUtilp->getExpandedFilename(LL_PATH_USER_SETTINGS,
                                                            "bin_conf.dat");
        std::string store_file = gDirUtilp->getExpandedFilename(LL_PATH_USER_SETTINGS,
                                                        "CA.pem");


        LL_INFOS("SECAPI") << "Loading user certificate store from " << store_file << LL_ENDL;
        mStore = new LLBasicCertificateStore(store_file);

        // grab the application ca-bundle.crt file that contains the well-known certs shipped
        // with the product
        std::string ca_file_path = gDirUtilp->getCAFile();
        LL_INFOS("SECAPI") << "Loading application certificate store from " << ca_file_path << LL_ENDL;
        LLPointer<LLBasicCertificateStore> app_ca_store = new LLBasicCertificateStore(ca_file_path);

        // push the applicate CA files into the store, therefore adding any new CA certs that
        // updated
        for(LLCertificateVector::iterator i = app_ca_store->begin();
            i != app_ca_store->end();
            i++)
        {
            mStore->add(*i);
        }

    }
    _readProtectedData(); // initialize mProtectedDataMap
                          // may throw LLProtectedDataException if saved datamap is not decryptable
}
LLSecAPIBasicHandler::~LLSecAPIBasicHandler()
{
    _writeProtectedData();
}

void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::_readProtectedData(unsigned char *unique_id, U32 id_len)
{
    // attempt to load the file into our map
    LLPointer<LLSDParser> parser = new LLSDXMLParser();
    llifstream protected_data_stream(mProtectedDataFilename.c_str(),
                                    llifstream::binary);

    if (!protected_data_stream.fail()) {
        U8 salt[STORE_SALT_SIZE];
        U8 buffer[BUFFER_READ_SIZE];
        U8 decrypted_buffer[BUFFER_READ_SIZE];
        int decrypted_length;
        LLXORCipher cipher(unique_id, id_len);

        // read in the salt and key
        protected_data_stream.read((char *)salt, STORE_SALT_SIZE);
        if (protected_data_stream.gcount() < STORE_SALT_SIZE)
        {
            LLTHROW(LLProtectedDataException("Config file too short."));
        }

        cipher.decrypt(salt, STORE_SALT_SIZE);

        // totally lame.  As we're not using the OS level protected data, we need to
        // at least obfuscate the data.  We do this by using a salt stored at the head of the file
        // to encrypt the data, therefore obfuscating it from someone using simple existing tools.
        // We do include the MAC address as part of the obfuscation, which would require an
        // attacker to get the MAC address as well as the protected store, which improves things
        // somewhat.  It would be better to use the password, but as this store
        // will be used to store the SL password when the user decides to have SL remember it,
        // so we can't use that.  OS-dependent store implementations will use the OS password/storage
        // mechanisms and are considered to be more secure.
        // We've a strong intent to move to OS dependent protected data stores.


        // read in the rest of the file.
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new();
        // todo: ctx error handling

        EVP_DecryptInit(ctx, EVP_rc4(), salt, NULL);
        // allocate memory:
        std::string decrypted_data;

        while(protected_data_stream.good()) {
            // read data as a block:
            protected_data_stream.read((char *)buffer, BUFFER_READ_SIZE);

            EVP_DecryptUpdate(ctx, decrypted_buffer, &decrypted_length,
                              buffer, (int)protected_data_stream.gcount());
            decrypted_data.append((const char *)decrypted_buffer, (int)protected_data_stream.gcount());
        }

        // RC4 is a stream cipher, so we don't bother to EVP_DecryptFinal, as there is
        // no block padding.
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
        std::istringstream parse_stream(decrypted_data);
        if (parser->parse(parse_stream, mProtectedDataMap,
                          LLSDSerialize::SIZE_UNLIMITED) == LLSDParser::PARSE_FAILURE)
        {
            LLTHROW(LLProtectedDataException("Config file cannot be decrypted."));
        }
    }
}

void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::_readProtectedData()
{
    unsigned char unique_id[MAC_ADDRESS_BYTES];
    try
    {
        // try default id
        LLMachineID::getUniqueID(unique_id, sizeof(unique_id));
        _readProtectedData(unique_id, sizeof(unique_id));
    }
    catch(LLProtectedDataException&)
    {
        // try with legacy id, it will return false if it is identical to getUniqueID
        // or if it is not assigned/not in use
        if (LLMachineID::getLegacyID(unique_id, sizeof(unique_id)))
        {
            _readProtectedData(unique_id, sizeof(unique_id));
        }
        else
        {
            throw;
        }
    }
}

void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::_writeProtectedData()
{
    std::ostringstream formatted_data_ostream;
    U8 salt[STORE_SALT_SIZE];
    U8 buffer[BUFFER_READ_SIZE];
    U8 encrypted_buffer[BUFFER_READ_SIZE];


    if(mProtectedDataMap.isUndefined())
    {
        LLFile::remove(mProtectedDataFilename);
        return;
    }
    // create a string with the formatted data.
    LLSDSerialize::toXML(mProtectedDataMap, formatted_data_ostream);
    std::istringstream formatted_data_istream(formatted_data_ostream.str());
    // generate the seed
    RAND_bytes(salt, STORE_SALT_SIZE);


    // write to a temp file so we don't clobber the initial file if there is
    // an error.
    std::string tmp_filename = mProtectedDataFilename + ".tmp";

    llofstream protected_data_stream(tmp_filename.c_str(),
                                     std::ios_base::binary);
    EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx = NULL;
    try
    {

        ctx = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new();
        // todo: ctx error handling

        EVP_EncryptInit(ctx, EVP_rc4(), salt, NULL);
        unsigned char unique_id[MAC_ADDRESS_BYTES];
        LLMachineID::getUniqueID(unique_id, sizeof(unique_id));
        LLXORCipher cipher(unique_id, sizeof(unique_id));
        cipher.encrypt(salt, STORE_SALT_SIZE);
        protected_data_stream.write((const char *)salt, STORE_SALT_SIZE);

        while (formatted_data_istream.good())
        {
            formatted_data_istream.read((char *)buffer, BUFFER_READ_SIZE);
            if(formatted_data_istream.gcount() == 0)
            {
                break;
            }
            int encrypted_length;
            EVP_EncryptUpdate(ctx, encrypted_buffer, &encrypted_length,
                          buffer, (int)formatted_data_istream.gcount());
            protected_data_stream.write((const char *)encrypted_buffer, encrypted_length);
        }

        // no EVP_EncrypteFinal, as this is a stream cipher
        EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);

        protected_data_stream.close();
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        LOG_UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION("LLProtectedDataException(Error writing Protected Data Store)");
        // it's good practice to clean up any secure information on error
        // (even though this file isn't really secure.  Perhaps in the future
        // it may be, however.
        LLFile::remove(tmp_filename);

        if (ctx)
        {
            EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
        }

        // EXP-1825 crash in LLSecAPIBasicHandler::_writeProtectedData()
        // Decided throwing an exception here was overkill until we figure out why this happens
        //LLTHROW(LLProtectedDataException("Error writing Protected Data Store"));
    }

    try
    {
        // move the temporary file to the specified file location.
        if(((   (LLFile::isfile(mProtectedDataFilename) != 0)
             && (LLFile::remove(mProtectedDataFilename) != 0)))
           || (LLFile::rename(tmp_filename, mProtectedDataFilename)))
        {
            LL_WARNS() << "LLProtectedDataException(Could not overwrite protected data store)" << LL_ENDL;
            LLFile::remove(tmp_filename);

            // EXP-1825 crash in LLSecAPIBasicHandler::_writeProtectedData()
            // Decided throwing an exception here was overkill until we figure out why this happens
            //LLTHROW(LLProtectedDataException("Could not overwrite protected data store"));
        }
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        LOG_UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION(STRINGIZE("renaming '" << tmp_filename << "' to '"
                                          << mProtectedDataFilename << "'"));
        // it's good practice to clean up any secure information on error
        // (even though this file isn't really secure.  Perhaps in the future
        // it may be, however).
        LLFile::remove(tmp_filename);

        //crash in LLSecAPIBasicHandler::_writeProtectedData()
        // Decided throwing an exception here was overkill until we figure out why this happens
        //LLTHROW(LLProtectedDataException("Error writing Protected Data Store"));
    }
}

// instantiate a certificate from a pem string
LLPointer<LLCertificate> LLSecAPIBasicHandler::getCertificate(const std::string& pem_cert)
{
    LLPointer<LLCertificate> result = new LLBasicCertificate(pem_cert);
    return result;
}



// instiate a certificate from an openssl X509 structure
LLPointer<LLCertificate> LLSecAPIBasicHandler::getCertificate(X509* openssl_cert)
{
    LLPointer<LLCertificate> result = new LLBasicCertificate(openssl_cert);
    return result;
}

// instantiate a chain from an X509_STORE_CTX
LLPointer<LLCertificateChain> LLSecAPIBasicHandler::getCertificateChain(X509_STORE_CTX* chain)
{
    LLPointer<LLCertificateChain> result = new LLBasicCertificateChain(chain);
    return result;
}

// instantiate a cert store given it's id.  if a persisted version
// exists, it'll be loaded.  If not, one will be created (but not
// persisted)
LLPointer<LLCertificateStore> LLSecAPIBasicHandler::getCertificateStore(const std::string& store_id)
{
    return mStore;
}

// retrieve protected data
LLSD LLSecAPIBasicHandler::getProtectedData(const std::string& data_type,
                                            const std::string& data_id)
{

    if (mProtectedDataMap.has(data_type) &&
        mProtectedDataMap[data_type].isMap() &&
        mProtectedDataMap[data_type].has(data_id))
    {
        return mProtectedDataMap[data_type][data_id];
    }

    return LLSD();
}

void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::deleteProtectedData(const std::string& data_type,
                                               const std::string& data_id)
{
    if (mProtectedDataMap.has(data_type) &&
        mProtectedDataMap[data_type].isMap() &&
        mProtectedDataMap[data_type].has(data_id))
        {
            mProtectedDataMap[data_type].erase(data_id);
        }
}


//
// persist data in a protected store
//
void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::setProtectedData(const std::string& data_type,
                                            const std::string& data_id,
                                            const LLSD& data)
{
    if (!mProtectedDataMap.has(data_type) || !mProtectedDataMap[data_type].isMap()) {
        mProtectedDataMap[data_type] = LLSD::emptyMap();
    }

    mProtectedDataMap[data_type][data_id] = data;
}

// persist data in a protected store's map
void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::addToProtectedMap(const std::string& data_type,
                                             const std::string& data_id,
                                             const std::string& map_elem,
                                             const LLSD& data)
{
    if (!mProtectedDataMap.has(data_type) || !mProtectedDataMap[data_type].isMap()) {
        mProtectedDataMap[data_type] = LLSD::emptyMap();
    }

    if (!mProtectedDataMap[data_type].has(data_id) || !mProtectedDataMap[data_type][data_id].isMap()) {
        mProtectedDataMap[data_type][data_id] = LLSD::emptyMap();
    }

    mProtectedDataMap[data_type][data_id][map_elem] = data;
}

// remove data from protected store's map
void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::removeFromProtectedMap(const std::string& data_type,
                                                  const std::string& data_id,
                                                  const std::string& map_elem)
{
    if (mProtectedDataMap.has(data_type) &&
        mProtectedDataMap[data_type].isMap() &&
        mProtectedDataMap[data_type].has(data_id) &&
        mProtectedDataMap[data_type][data_id].isMap() &&
        mProtectedDataMap[data_type][data_id].has(map_elem))
    {
        mProtectedDataMap[data_type][data_id].erase(map_elem);
    }
}

void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::syncProtectedMap()
{
    // TODO - consider unifing these functions
    _writeProtectedData();
}
//
// Create a credential object from an identifier and authenticator.  credentials are
// per grid.
LLPointer<LLCredential> LLSecAPIBasicHandler::createCredential(const std::string& grid,
                                                               const LLSD& identifier,
                                                               const LLSD& authenticator)
{
    LLPointer<LLSecAPIBasicCredential> result = new LLSecAPIBasicCredential(grid);
    result->setCredentialData(identifier, authenticator);
    return result;
}

// Load a credential from default credential store, given the grid
LLPointer<LLCredential> LLSecAPIBasicHandler::loadCredential(const std::string& grid)
{
    LLSD credential = getProtectedData(DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_STORAGE, grid);
    LLPointer<LLSecAPIBasicCredential> result = new LLSecAPIBasicCredential(grid);
    if(credential.isMap() &&
       credential.has("identifier"))
    {

        LLSD identifier = credential["identifier"];
        LLSD authenticator;
        if (credential.has("authenticator"))
        {
            authenticator = credential["authenticator"];
        }
        result->setCredentialData(identifier, authenticator);
    }
    else
    {
        // credential was not in protected storage, so pull the credential
        // from the legacy store.
        std::string first_name = gSavedSettings.getString("FirstName");
        std::string last_name = gSavedSettings.getString("LastName");

        if ((first_name != "") &&
            (last_name != ""))
        {
            LLSD identifier = LLSD::emptyMap();
            LLSD authenticator;
            identifier["type"] = "agent";
            identifier["first_name"] = first_name;
            identifier["last_name"] = last_name;

            std::string legacy_password = _legacyLoadPassword();
            if (legacy_password.length() > 0)
            {
                authenticator = LLSD::emptyMap();
                authenticator["type"] = "hash";
                authenticator["algorithm"] = "md5";
                authenticator["secret"] = legacy_password;
            }
            result->setCredentialData(identifier, authenticator);
        }
    }
    return result;
}

// Save the credential to the credential store.  Save the authenticator also if requested.
// That feature is used to implement the 'remember password' functionality.
void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::saveCredential(LLPointer<LLCredential> cred, bool save_authenticator)
{
    LLSD credential = LLSD::emptyMap();
    credential["identifier"] = cred->getIdentifier();
    if (save_authenticator)
    {
        credential["authenticator"] = cred->getAuthenticator();
    }
    LL_DEBUGS("SECAPI") << "Saving Credential " << cred->getGrid() << ":" << cred->userID() << " " << save_authenticator << LL_ENDL;
    setProtectedData(DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_STORAGE, cred->getGrid(), credential);
    //*TODO: If we're saving Agni credentials, should we write the
    // credentials to the legacy password.dat/etc?
    _writeProtectedData();
}

// Remove a credential from the credential store.
void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::deleteCredential(LLPointer<LLCredential> cred)
{
    LLSD undefVal;
    deleteProtectedData(DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_STORAGE, cred->getGrid());
    cred->setCredentialData(undefVal, undefVal);
    _writeProtectedData();
}

// has map of credentials declared as specific storage
bool LLSecAPIBasicHandler::hasCredentialMap(const std::string& storage, const std::string& grid)
{
    if (storage == DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_STORAGE)
    {
        LL_ERRS() << "Storing maps in default, single-items storage is not allowed" << LL_ENDL;
    }

    LLSD credential = getProtectedData(storage, grid);

    return credential.isMap();
}

// returns true if map is empty or does not exist
bool LLSecAPIBasicHandler::emptyCredentialMap(const std::string& storage, const std::string& grid)
{
    if (storage == DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_STORAGE)
    {
        LL_ERRS() << "Storing maps in default, single-items storage is not allowed" << LL_ENDL;
    }

    LLSD credential = getProtectedData(storage, grid);

    return !credential.isMap() || credential.size() == 0;
}

// Load map of credentials from specified credential store, given the grid
void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::loadCredentialMap(const std::string& storage, const std::string& grid, credential_map_t& credential_map)
{
    if (storage == DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_STORAGE)
    {
        LL_ERRS() << "Storing maps in default, single-items storage is not allowed" << LL_ENDL;
    }

    LLSD credential = getProtectedData(storage, grid);
    if (credential.isMap())
    {
        LLSD::map_const_iterator crd_it = credential.beginMap();
        for (; crd_it != credential.endMap(); crd_it++)
        {
            LLSD::String name = crd_it->first;
            const LLSD &link_map = crd_it->second;
            LLPointer<LLSecAPIBasicCredential> result = new LLSecAPIBasicCredential(grid);
            if (link_map.has("identifier"))
            {
                LLSD identifier = link_map["identifier"];
                LLSD authenticator;
                if (link_map.has("authenticator"))
                {
                    authenticator = link_map["authenticator"];
                }
                result->setCredentialData(identifier, authenticator);
            }
            credential_map[name] = result;
        }
    }
}

LLPointer<LLCredential> LLSecAPIBasicHandler::loadFromCredentialMap(const std::string& storage, const std::string& grid, const std::string& userkey)
{
    if (storage == DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_STORAGE)
    {
        LL_ERRS() << "Storing maps in default, single-items storage is not allowed" << LL_ENDL;
    }

    LLPointer<LLSecAPIBasicCredential> result = new LLSecAPIBasicCredential(grid);

    LLSD credential = getProtectedData(storage, grid);
    if (credential.isMap() && credential.has(userkey) && credential[userkey].has("identifier"))
    {
        LLSD identifier = credential[userkey]["identifier"];
        LLSD authenticator;
        if (credential[userkey].has("authenticator"))
        {
            authenticator = credential[userkey]["authenticator"];
        }
        result->setCredentialData(identifier, authenticator);
    }

    return result;
}

// add item to map of credentials from specific storage
void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::addToCredentialMap(const std::string& storage, LLPointer<LLCredential> cred, bool save_authenticator)
{
    if (storage == DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_STORAGE)
    {
        LL_ERRS() << "Storing maps in default, single-items storage is not allowed" << LL_ENDL;
    }

    std::string user_id = cred->userID();
    LLSD credential = LLSD::emptyMap();
    credential["identifier"] = cred->getIdentifier();
    if (save_authenticator)
    {
        credential["authenticator"] = cred->getAuthenticator();
    }
    LL_DEBUGS("SECAPI") << "Saving Credential " << cred->getGrid() << ":" << cred->userID() << " " << save_authenticator << LL_ENDL;
    addToProtectedMap(storage, cred->getGrid(), user_id, credential);

    _writeProtectedData();
}

// remove item from map of credentials from specific storage
void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::removeFromCredentialMap(const std::string& storage, LLPointer<LLCredential> cred)
{
    if (storage == DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_STORAGE)
    {
        LL_ERRS() << "Storing maps in default, single-items storage is not allowed" << LL_ENDL;
    }

    LLSD undefVal;
    removeFromProtectedMap(storage, cred->getGrid(), cred->userID());
    cred->setCredentialData(undefVal, undefVal);
    _writeProtectedData();
}

// remove item from map of credentials from specific storage
void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::removeFromCredentialMap(const std::string& storage, const std::string& grid, const std::string& userkey)
{
    if (storage == DEFAULT_CREDENTIAL_STORAGE)
    {
        LL_ERRS() << "Storing maps in default, single-items storage is not allowed" << LL_ENDL;
    }

    LLSD undefVal;
    LLPointer<LLCredential> cred = loadFromCredentialMap(storage, grid, userkey);
    removeFromProtectedMap(storage, grid, userkey);
    cred->setCredentialData(undefVal, undefVal);
    _writeProtectedData();
}

// remove item from map of credentials from specific storage
void LLSecAPIBasicHandler::removeCredentialMap(const std::string& storage, const std::string& grid)
{
    deleteProtectedData(storage, grid);
    _writeProtectedData();
}

// load the legacy hash for agni, and decrypt it given the
// mac address
std::string LLSecAPIBasicHandler::_legacyLoadPassword()
{
    const S32 HASHED_LENGTH = 32;
    std::vector<U8> buffer(HASHED_LENGTH);
    llifstream password_file(mLegacyPasswordPath.c_str(), llifstream::binary);

    if(password_file.fail())
    {
        return std::string("");
    }

    password_file.read((char*)&buffer[0], buffer.size());
    if(password_file.gcount() != buffer.size())
    {
        return std::string("");
    }

    // Decipher with MAC address
    unsigned char unique_id[MAC_ADDRESS_BYTES];
    LLMachineID::getUniqueID(unique_id, sizeof(unique_id));
    LLXORCipher cipher(unique_id, sizeof(unique_id));
    cipher.decrypt(&buffer[0], static_cast<U32>(buffer.size()));

    return std::string((const char*)&buffer[0], buffer.size());
}


// return an identifier for the user
std::string LLSecAPIBasicCredential::userID() const
{
    if (!mIdentifier.isMap())
    {
        return mGrid + "(null)";
    }
    else if ((std::string)mIdentifier["type"] == "agent")
    {
        std::string id = (std::string)mIdentifier["first_name"] + "_" + (std::string)mIdentifier["last_name"];
        LLStringUtil::toLower(id);
        return id;
    }
    else if ((std::string)mIdentifier["type"] == "account")
    {
        std::string id = (std::string)mIdentifier["account_name"];
        LLStringUtil::toLower(id);
        return id;
    }

    return "unknown";
}

// return a printable user identifier
std::string LLSecAPIBasicCredential::asString() const
{
    if (!mIdentifier.isMap())
    {
        return mGrid + ":(null)";
    }
    else if ((std::string)mIdentifier["type"] == "agent")
    {
        return mGrid + ":" + (std::string)mIdentifier["first_name"] + " " + (std::string)mIdentifier["last_name"];
    }
    else if ((std::string)mIdentifier["type"] == "account")
    {
        return mGrid + ":" + (std::string)mIdentifier["account_name"];
    }

    return mGrid + ":(unknown type)";
}


bool valueCompareLLSD(const LLSD& lhs, const LLSD& rhs)
{
    if (lhs.type() != rhs.type())
    {
        return false;
    }
    if (lhs.isMap())
    {
        // iterate through the map, verifying the right hand side has all of the
        // values that the left hand side has.
        for (LLSD::map_const_iterator litt = lhs.beginMap();
             litt != lhs.endMap();
             litt++)
        {
            if (!rhs.has(litt->first))
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        // Now validate that the left hand side has everything the
        // right hand side has, and that the values are equal.
        for (LLSD::map_const_iterator ritt = rhs.beginMap();
             ritt != rhs.endMap();
             ritt++)
        {
            if (!lhs.has(ritt->first))
            {
                return false;
            }
            if (!valueCompareLLSD(lhs[ritt->first], ritt->second))
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    else if (lhs.isArray())
    {
        LLSD::array_const_iterator ritt = rhs.beginArray();
        // iterate through the array, comparing
        for (LLSD::array_const_iterator litt = lhs.beginArray();
             litt != lhs.endArray();
             litt++)
        {
            if (!valueCompareLLSD(*ritt, *litt))
            {
                return false;
            }
            ritt++;
        }

        return (ritt == rhs.endArray());
    }
    else
    {
        // simple type, compare as string
        return (lhs.asString() == rhs.asString());
    }

}